Trees identified
English Oak tree [Quercus robur]
⁃ Available all year round in parks, commons and heathlands.
⁃ Identifiable by its silvery-brown trunk and deep verticle ridges. The leaves have four to six loves per side, with rounded edges. The branches have little knobbly buds that form along the tips.
⁃ You’ll often spot them easily by the acorns from last season scattered underneath or when new ones start growing in autumn.
Lime tree [Tilia europaea]
⁃ The trees grow up to 30m high, with heart-shaped leaves (with a pointy tip) and finely toothed edges that can be translucent when young.
⁃ The younger, lighter leaves can be eaten. Some people add them to a spring salad.
Hawthorn (Hawthorn berries) [Crataegus monogyna]
Sept-Nov
⁃ Found on pathways, heathland, commons and marshes in either the form of a shrub or a tree (which can grow up to 12m tall).
⁃ Watch out for the short, spiky thorns and a pip inside the berry (which shouldn’t be eaten).
⁃ There are some great recipes online for Hawthorn Berry Ketchup. This is a zingy sweet & sour condiment that is easy to make.
Silver Birch [Betula pendula]
⁃ Easily identifiable by its silver, horizontal bark with irregular dark lines and ‘eyes’.
⁃ You can peel off the already lifted bark and gently scrape it with a knife to create a brilliant tinder.
– Use larger pieces of bark for shelter cover (or making shoes, if you feel creative).
Holly (Ilex aquifolium)
⁃ We recognise holly from festive seasons where it’s often intertwined into wreaths.
⁃ Mature trees can grow up to 15m and live for around 300 years!
⁃ Older trees that have been less predated on can sometimes have rounder, smoother leaves than the typically well-known spiky ones. The upper parts of the tree are also more likely to be smooth.
⁃ Holly will flower white, four-petaled flowers between early spring and the beginning of summer, depending on the climate.
⁃ Once they are pollinated by the insects, the flowers turn into red berries, which remain throughout the winter.
⁃ Holly wood is known for making good firewood as it burns with strong heat.
Plants identified
Greater Plantain [Plantago major]
Jan-Dec
⁃ Generally blooming between June and October, but it can also remain persistent through winter.
⁃ Pops up on lawns, roadside and fields and the flower spikes can reach up to 20cm.
⁃ Sometimes known as “rat’s tail” because of the scaly, long look of its flowers.
– Acts as neurological suppressant, so if you got stung, this would help stop the pain because your brain isn’t receiving those symptoms the same. To get it into the blood stream, chew up the leaves (they’re edible) and put them on the wound.
– We also activate the herbal medicine from the plant by creating oils and balms from it.
Pineapple Weed [Matricaria discoidea]
May-Oct
⁃ Little (up to 20cm) yellow upside-down pineapple-like plants with a gorgeous, fragrant aroma and taste.
⁃ Often confused with chamomile and mayweed (but don’t worry, both are edible).
⁃ Some people are allergic, so try a small amount before any large quantities. They can be eaten on their own, or here is a recipe you could try:
Pineapple Weed Granata:
A refreshing semi-frozen dessert made by boiling 300lm water and stirring in the pineapple weed (leaves and flowers). Once boiled, leave to cool for approx 1 hr. Add 100g caster sugar and bring to the boil again before reducing the heat to a simmer whilst continuing to stir for about 3 minutes. Allow it to cool before sieving the mixture into a freezable container where it will need to sit for about 2 hours. Give the mash a good stir around before re-freezing for another 30 mins. Repeat one or two more times before your desired texture is reached.
Common/Stinging Nettle [Urtica dioica]
⁃ Stinging nettle can grow up to 850m wide and 150m high, generally on nutrient-rich, fairly damp soils.
⁃ Unique in that it can be recognised by touch alone, which is caused by the hairs which act like glass hypodermic needles injecting uric acid into the skin.
⁃ Nettles make for a lovely tea though, and if you’re careful how you pick them, crushing or heating them disarms the sting and makes them easily edible.
– Nettle fibres can also be used in bushcraft or survival situations to create strong and durable cordage.
Nettle Pesto:
Blend 500g raw nettles with 250g nuts (pine or other), 250g grated parmesan, 8 garlic cloves, some salt and olive oil.
One of the three plants we used for herbalism.
Rose Bay Willow Herb (also known as Fireweed) [Chamerion angustifolium]
– Both the flowers and the leaves are edible and are known to have many health benefits.
⁃ Grows up to about 1.2m tall.
⁃ Often found on the roadside, in open woodland and by railways. They’re pretty well distributed and easy to recognise once you spend time with them.
⁃ Once the purple/pink flowers turn into the white fluff in Aug-Sept, you can collect the luff for great fire-starting tinder!
Fireweed Tea:
Use the flowers directly with hot water for a fragrant tea. Or, take some more time to bruise the leaves between your finger and ferment them in a jar before drying the leaves for a slightly different fireweed tea.
Bramble/Blackberry [Robus fruticosus]
July-Oct
⁃ The bush itself is called the Bramble, but the fruit we all know and love so well is the Blackberry.
⁃ Blackberries are generally at their sweetest from late July.
– Some people say that the blackberry is carnivorous as sheep are known to get trapped in the thorns after eating the berries and end up becoming neutrients for the soil.
Blackberry Whisky:
⁃ Fill a jar with berries, add some sugar to taste, top the jar with a good whisky and leave for 6months to a year in a dark place. Shake when you remember, and always ensure the berries are below the whisky line. When ready, remove the berries and rebottle. Then (I’m so sorry), wait another year for the flavours to bend.
Silverweed [Potentilla anserina]
⁃ Best collected in early summer
– Good for pain relief and soothing wounds as it is analgesic. You can dry and powder it to use in tea or make tinctures from (though you can also use the fresh leaves). Or, extract the oil and add to a balm.
– Silverweed root is edible, but known to be quite bitter.
One of the three plants we used for herbalism.
Herb Robert [Geranium robertianium]
– Look out for the red, hairy stem, and distinct leaf pattern. You will sometimes spot the small lilac flower too.
– Can be used as inset replant as it’s aromatic.
– Known as a ‘carpenters herb’ which means it can stop bleeding and aid in the recovery of small cuts.
– The leaves are bitter, but can be eaten – some think it tastes like parsley.
– Can be used to treat psoriasis and eczema.
One of the three plants we used for herbalism.
Fungi identified
Artists Bracket/Southern Bracket/Conk [Ganoderma applanatum]
⁃ Growing between 10-60cm across, with brown, white, woody-looking features.
⁃ This bracket fungi is not edible.
⁃ Touching the white pores underneath changes the colour to brown, leaving a clear mark or line, which is why they are known as the Artist’s Fungus. People believe art was drawn on these or that they were used as way-finders.
Birch Polypore (also known as Razorstrop Fungus) [Piptoporus betulinus]
⁃ Found on dead or dying birch trees all year round, this mushroom can grow 5-30cm wide, often in a shell-like shape.
⁃ The taste is bitter, but another use is to remove the pore-bearing flesh and use this on the skin, much like a plaster. Alternatively, you can use them to sharpen your blades!
King Alfred’s Cake [Daldinia concentrica]
⁃ AKA coal fungus, carbon fungus, cramp balls. You’ll spot this dark, hard bracket fungi sticking off the side of a dead piece of wood, looking like coal.
– With great uses as tinder (catching an ember) and as a coal extender (keeping the ember/coal alive), this fungi is known for its historical uses in carrying fires over distances.
⁃ Legend has it, in the 9th Century King Alfred fled attack from Vikings and hid in a peasant woman’s house. She asked him to watch after her cakes but he let them burn to crisp. He tried to hide the cakes and threw them all around the forest, but he was caught and taunted. Hence the name King Alfreds Cake.
Follow-up links
Seven Practices Challenge | Take the Challenge
Buy the Book | Available worldwide
Foragers Handbook | Used for plant identification
Edible Mushrooms | Used for mushroom identification
Oxygen Advantage | Breathing method for mind, body and sport
Flat foot squat | Tutorial to help you perform a flat foot squat
Natural Navigator | We discussed Tristan’s techniques for finding north
Blue-light blocking glasses | Swanwick 100% blue-light blocking glasses
Correct Toes | UK Supplier of the toe dividers that Goerge and Amber wear
Unguarded Warrior | The mens retreat George works on
Mindfulness
Remember, you always have your five senses to help you ground yourself and reconnect to the present moment when anxiety sneaks in.
Gently close the eyes or lower the gaze.
Take your time to find your breath, keeping one hand on the belly and one hand on the chest if it helps.
5: Think about five things you can see.
4: What four things can you physically feel?
3: Three things you can hear.
2: What two things can you smell?
1: And finally, one thing you can taste.
